Understanding the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and knowing him have always been subjects of interest to Orientalists, as referring to their various works confirms. One work by Orientalists that examines the personality of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia, edited by Oliver Leaman. James Burley, the author of the entry "Muhammad (PBUH)" in this work, has attempted to describe the characteristics of the Seal of the Prophets from various perspectives. However, his inadequate attention to all Qur'anic verses has resulted in an inaccurate portrayal of the Prophet. In the section titled "Muhammad (PBUH) in the Qur'an," Burley claims that the infallibility of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) cannot be substantiated through Qur'anic verses, citing certain verses to support his argument. This paper, employing a library research method, aims to respond to this claim. An examination of the Qur'anic verses related to the infallibility of the prophets demonstrates that not only do Qur'anic verses in general indicate his infallibility, but one can also refer to verses that negate any error or mistake, even those emanating from his bodily limbs.
Razavi Aran,S. H. and Fallahi,M. (2025). A Critique of James Burley's View on the Infallibility of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Oliver Leaman's Encyclopedia. (e231814). Journal of Theological and Exegetical Studies, (), e231814
MLA
Razavi Aran,S. H. , and Fallahi,M. . "A Critique of James Burley's View on the Infallibility of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Oliver Leaman's Encyclopedia" .e231814 , Journal of Theological and Exegetical Studies, , , 2025, e231814.
HARVARD
Razavi Aran S. H., Fallahi M. (2025). 'A Critique of James Burley's View on the Infallibility of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Oliver Leaman's Encyclopedia', Journal of Theological and Exegetical Studies, (), e231814.
CHICAGO
S. H. Razavi Aran and M. Fallahi, "A Critique of James Burley's View on the Infallibility of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Oliver Leaman's Encyclopedia," Journal of Theological and Exegetical Studies, (2025): e231814,
VANCOUVER
Razavi Aran S. H., Fallahi M. A Critique of James Burley's View on the Infallibility of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Oliver Leaman's Encyclopedia. Journal of Theological and Exegetical Studies, 2025; (): e231814.